Lately, high efforts were made in the development of high-energy and short-pulse lasers allowing to reach peak powers up to 10 PW.

In order to further increase the power, to peak powers beyond 10 PW, the scientists’ efforts are concentrated on decreasing the pulse duration instead of increasing the pulse energy- which is a more costly effort. Decreasing the pulse duration to attosecond-zeptosecond level, peak powers of exawatt can be reached with a simple Joule of energy.